ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠣᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ | ᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠮᠠ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Radiation Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠶᠢᠮᠤ | ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ | ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠳᠤ | ᠢᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠴᠣᠯᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ | ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ︵System︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ | ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ | ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 1. ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ᠂ ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ | ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ | ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 2. ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ | ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ | ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ᠂ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠪᠢᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ | ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ᠂ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠰᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ | ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠤ | ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ 65% ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ 70% ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ 4 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ 91% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 20%᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ | 76%᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 80%᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 86%᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 99% ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ | ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠠᠩ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ | ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠠᠩ ᠨᠢ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 3. ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 5 ᠯᠢᠲᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ | ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠯᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠭᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠯᠤᠭᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠨ | ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠤᠩ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ | ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ 45% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠦ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ | ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ | ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠩᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ︵ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ︶ ᠡᠰ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ | ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ︵Tissiu︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ | ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠣᠯᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ︵Organ︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ | ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠰᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠰᠢ | ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ︵ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ︶᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ ︵ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠢᠮᠪ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ︶᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠂ ᠡᠪᠴᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠯᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠬᠤ ︵Lens | Opacities︶ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ︵Cataract︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ 16 ~20g ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ 2.5 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ | ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤᠨ ︵μm︶ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠯᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮᠬᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠢᠤᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠤ | ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 1016 ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 1012 ᠠᠴᠠ 1014 ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ | ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ | ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 10μm ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ 3μm | ~4μm᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ 7μm ~8μm᠂ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ 20μm᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ 100μm ~150μm ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ 1 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ︵m︶ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ | ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠴᠢᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ | ᠳᠠᠬᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ | ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ | ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠦᠲᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 400 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ 3500 ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ 1014 ᠡᠰ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠨᠡ᠃ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ | ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠨᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠪ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ | ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 1~2 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠦᠷᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ | ᠯᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ︵ᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷ︶ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | 1. ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ | ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠶᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ | ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠢᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ | ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋᠂ ᠭᠧᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵DNA︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠪᠦ᠋ᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵ | RNA︶ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ | ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | 2. ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ | ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ︿ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋﹀ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ | ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ᠂ ᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ | ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ᠄ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ᠂ ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ | ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ | ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ︿ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ﹀ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠ | ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ | ᠪᠤᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨᠲ᠋ᠣᠣᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ | ᠴᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋᠄ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ | ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | 3. ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ | ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ︵ | Milieu Intérieur︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠢᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠮᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ | ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ | ᠪᠠ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ | ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | 5. ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ | ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ | ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭᠲᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵DNA︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ | ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ | ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ︵Chromosome︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ | ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ 8 ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ | ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ 13/4 ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠰᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ | ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ᠂ 6 ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠦᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠣᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ | ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠮᠣᠰᠭᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠣᠰᠭᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠮᠣᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ | ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠰ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ DNA ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ | ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 46 ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠡᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ᠂ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ | ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ 23 ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ 1 ~22 ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ | ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ x ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ yᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ x ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ y ᠬᠤᠣᠰ᠂ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ x᠂ x ᠬᠤᠣᠰᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨx ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ | ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠵᠦ᠂ y ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ x ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ᠂ y ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ | ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠠᠪᠤ᠂ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ | ᠭᠧᠨ ︵Gene︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 2000 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ | DNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 1000 ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 50000 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ | ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵DNA︶ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | 1. ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠄ DNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ DNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ | ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ DNA ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ RNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠭᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠬᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ DNA ᠵᠢᠨᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠄ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠤᠨᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ︵-H︶ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠢᠰᠭᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ | ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠄ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ︵Purine︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ︵Pyrimidine︶ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠳᠧᠨᠢᠨ ︵Adenine᠂ A ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠨᠢᠨ ︵ | Guanine᠂ G ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨᠡ﹀ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠲ᠋ᠧᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ︵Cytocine᠂ C ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ︵Thymine᠂ T ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨᠡ︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ | ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠽᠤᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ | ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠠᠼᠤᠲ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ 4 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ A ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ T ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ A=T ᠪᠣᠶᠤ T=A ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ | ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ G ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ C ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ G≡C ᠪᠣᠶᠤ | C≡G ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 40000 ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ 440000 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | DNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ RNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 2. ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠄ RNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ Ribonucleic Acid ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ RNA ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵AMP︶᠂ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵GMP︶᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ | ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵CMP︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵UMP︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ RNA | ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ RNA᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ RNA᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ RNA ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ︵1︶ mRNA᠄ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ RNA ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ Messenger-RNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ RNA ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ 5%~10% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ mRNA ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ DNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳ | ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵2︶ t-RNA᠄ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ RNA ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ Transfer- RNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ | RNA ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ 5%~10% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ t-RNA ᠨᠢ | ᠰᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ mRNA ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ | ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ t-RNA | ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠰᠭᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠶᠢᠯᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ︿ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯ﹀ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ CCA ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ︵3︶ r-RNA᠄ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ RNA ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ Ribosomal-RNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ | DNA ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 108 ᠠᠴᠠ 1010 ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 10-9 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ | ᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠢᠮ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ᠂ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤᠪ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠡᠰᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ | ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ | DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ | ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ | DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ RNA ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ᠂ DNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ | ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ DNA ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ | ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ︵10-6 | ︶ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠪᠤᠮ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ︵10-9︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠤᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ | ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Radiation | Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ᠂ | ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Biological Effect of | Ionizing Radiation︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ | ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ︵Radiation Injuries ᠪᠣᠶᠤ Radiation Injury ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ Radiation Damage ᠪᠠᠰᠠ Injury︶ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠢ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ | ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠯᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ | ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠨᠡ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠦᠨᠦᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ᠂ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ | ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ᠂ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ᠂ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ | ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | 1. ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ | ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ | ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ DNA ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠮᠠ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ︵Direct Effect︶ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 10-16 ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠮᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠷ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ | ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ | ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ DNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠫᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ | ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 1.︶ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠸᠤᠯᠲ ︵eV︶ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ | ᠮᠣᠯᠲᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ DNA ᠨᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ | ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ | ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ | 2.︶ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ | ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠪᠠᠷ | ᠣᠨᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ᠋ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ | ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰᠨ | ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠠ | ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ DNA | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1/15~1/20 ᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ | DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠣᠯᠪᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠣᠨᠳᠣᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ | ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ | ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ | ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ︵Indirect Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ | ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | 1︶ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 10-16 ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠮᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ H2O ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ H2O+ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ e- ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 2︶ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ — ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 10-12 ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ H2O+ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ H+ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ OH ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ OH | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ OH ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ H2O2 ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠨᠢᠰ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ H2O | ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ H2O- ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨᠠ᠃ H2O- ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ H ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨOH- ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ H+᠂ OH-᠂ H ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ OH ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ H ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ OH ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ︵Free Radicals︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ | ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠰᠤᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 10-6 ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ | ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠳᠤ | ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 3︶ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ | ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ DNA ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ | ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷᠲᠤ | ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ | ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | 4︶ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ | ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ | ᠭᠡᠮᠳᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 2. ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ DNA ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ | ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | DNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠦᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ | ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ | ︵Gene Mutation︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠣᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ᠂ | ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ᠂ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ᠂ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ | ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ RNA ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ DNA ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ | ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠷ | ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 3. ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ | DNAᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ DNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ | ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠨᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ | ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠣᠷᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ | ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ︵ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠬᠤ | ︶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ | ᠃ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ | ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠤᠷᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ | ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠯᠢᠮᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | 4. ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ | ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ | ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ | ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠡᠭᠬᠡ | ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨᠡ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠯᠲᠡ | ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ | DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠡᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ | DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮᠬᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠭᠲᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠰ | ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ | ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠤᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ | ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ | ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠤᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ DNA ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ DNA ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ | ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ | ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ | ︵3︶ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠯ | ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ | ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ | ᠃ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ | ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠷ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ | ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠷᠡ | ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠭ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵4︶ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡ | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ | ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ | ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠦᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠴᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ | ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠦᠷᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ | ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | 5. ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ | ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ︵Progenitor Cell︶ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ | ᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭᠦᠦ᠂ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠦᠷᠨᠢᠩᠭᠦᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠲᠤ | ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠤᠯᠲᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ | ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ | χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠤᠩ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠴᠢ Grubbé ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ︿ | ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ﹀ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ 1896 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ︿ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ﹀ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ Stewens ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ 1897 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 2 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ Gilchrist ᠠᠴᠠ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ | ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 23 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1900 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Walkoff ᠠᠴᠠ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ 11 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ Giesel ᠠᠴᠠ ᠹᠷᠤᠮᠲᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ | ᠢᠶᠠᠨ 2 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ 1901 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ | ︵︶ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠣᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠬᠦᠷᠮᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 6 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠢᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ 11 ᠡᠳᠤᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠯᠲᠠᠷᠠᠨ | ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠡ᠃ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠾᠷᠤᠮᠲᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ 10 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠤᠯᠲᠠᠷᠠᠨ | ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1902 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Frieben ᠠᠴᠠ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ︿ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ﹀ ᠨᠤᠯᠲᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ | ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯᠡ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ 25 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ | ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ | 1935~1954 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠲᠤ᠂ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1944~1951ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠲᠤ᠂ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 224 ᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1928~1954 ᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠲᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠳᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ︵Thorotrast︶ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭᠦᠦ᠂ | ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠳᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠮ᠂ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ Ledoux—Lebard ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ 1922 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ 100 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ | 1︶ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ᠄ 1904 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ 104 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ Feygin | ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ 1906 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Bergoniè ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ Tribondeau ᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1911 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Krause ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠨ 54 | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ 1911 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠾᠧᠰᠸᠢ ︵ | Hesse︶ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨᠨᠢ 94 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ | 50 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 2︶ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ᠄ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ 20 ᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠣᠷᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ | ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ Martland ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ 1925 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ 50 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 3︶ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 1500 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠧᠺ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ K.E.Morgan ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠨ | ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ 1925 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Martland ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠺᠰᠧᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ Schneberg ᠤᠨ | ᠺᠣᠪᠡᠯᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 1875~1917 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ 622 ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ 322 ᠨᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ 87% ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1921~1926 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ 50% ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠦᠱᠢᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ Joachimstal ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 1929~1930 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ —226 ︵226Ra︶᠂ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ | —222 ︵222Rn︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ —218 ︵218Po︶ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ | ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 4︶ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠄ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ | ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ 2 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ 9 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠣᠯᠢᠶᠣᠲ — | ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ ︵︶ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ | 3. ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ | 1896 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Edison ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ Morton ᠤ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ | ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1896 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 4 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ Danil ᠪᠠᠰᠨ χ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠬᠠᠯᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ 40 ᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ | ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠶᠢᠯᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ | ᠲᠠᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠨᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠴᠤᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ | ᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ | ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 1. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ | ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳᠴᠢ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ | ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵somatic effects︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Hereditary | Effects or genetic effects︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ 60 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Acute Radiation | Effect︶ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Early Effect︶ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ | ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Chronic | Radiation Effect︶ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Late Effect︶ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ︵3︶ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Total Body Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ | ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Local Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ︵3︶ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ | ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠣᠨᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵ | stochastic effects︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠡᠰ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵deterministic effects︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ︵4︶ ᠭᠠᠮᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ | ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠪᠳᠤᠲᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ | ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠠᠮᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Sparing Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ | ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠯᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 2. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠂ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠄ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ α᠂ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ LET ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ χ᠂ γ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠠᠬᠤ | ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ | ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠄ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ — ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ | ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ | ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ | ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ︵ᠮᠢᠯᠯᠢ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ︶ ᠤᠨ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠄ ︿250᠄ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ | ᠃ | 250~1000᠄ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭ ︵ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ | ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ | ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | 1000~2000᠄ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ 1.25 ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ 20%~25% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ | ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭ ︵ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠪᠲᠦᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ | ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 2000~4000᠄ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ 24 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ | ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | 4000~6000᠄ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨᠡ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ | ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ︵ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ︶ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ | ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠪᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ | ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ︵ 50% ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠨᠡ᠃ | ≥6000᠄ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ 1~2 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ | ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ | ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ︵100%︶ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ᠄ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠡᠯ᠂ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 0.1 ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵0.1Gy•h-1 ︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 1 ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵1Gy•min-1︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 0.1Gy• h-1 | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ 1Gy•min-1 ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 0.1Gy•h-1 ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ | LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ | ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 1986 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ᠂ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ <0.2Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ <0.05Gy | ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ 0.2~2.0Gy᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ 0.05~0.5Gy | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ >2.0Gy᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ >0.5Gy | ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ <0.05mGy/min᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ <0.05mGy/min | ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ 0.05mGy/min~0.05Gy/min᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ 0. | 05mGy/min~0.05Gy/min | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ >0.05Gy/min᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ >0.05Gy/min | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ᠄ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ | ᠡᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ χ᠂ γ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ α ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ β ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 1/3 ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | | ︵2︶ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ | ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷ᠂ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ︵radiosensitivity︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ | ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ | ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ᠄ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ | ᠲᠠᠢ ᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠦ᠄ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ 20 ᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ 50 ᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ 2 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 38 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ> ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ> | ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ> ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤᠳ> ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ> ᠢᠳᠡᠷᠴᠦᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ | ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ | ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ᠄ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ > ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ > ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ > ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ > ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠄ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ | ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ | ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ᠄ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ︵ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ︶᠂ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ︵ | ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ︶᠂ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ ︵ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ︶᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠣ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ | ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ ︵ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠡᠭᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ︶᠂ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ︵ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ︶᠂ | ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ᠄ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ︵ᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠲᠤ | ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ︶᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ᠄ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ︵ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ︶᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ᠄ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ᠂ ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ | ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ> ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ > | ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ> ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ> ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ> ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ> ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠰ᠄ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ > ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ | ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ | ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ> ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ᠃ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ > ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ> ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ> ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠡᠰ> ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ> ᠡᠯᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ> ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ > ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠰ> ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ> ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠄ DNA>mRNA>rRNA>tRNA> ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ | ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠡ | ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵ | Stochastic Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ | ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ | ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ | ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ | ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠤᠪᠠᠯ | ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ χ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ γ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ | ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Carcinogenesis︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ | ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ | ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ | ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ | ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ | ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠦ | ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ | ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 1. ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠨ᠂ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ | ᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 2~50 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 30 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠣᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | 2. ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ 1990 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 60 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠴᠠᠲᠤ ︵LET︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠰᠠᠩ᠂ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ᠂ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠩ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠷᠢᠩᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ 13 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ | ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ᠂ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ᠂ ᠨᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭᠦᠦ᠂ ᠡᠪᠴᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ 10 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | | ︵1︶ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ | ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ | ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ | ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠴᠦᠮ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠲᠠ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ | ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 2 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 8 ~13 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ 25 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠴᠤᠯᠤ | ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ | ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ᠂ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ | ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠤᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠲᠠᠨᠴᠢᠷ ᠴᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠮᠡᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ | ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ 0.1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ | ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 0.5Gy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ 0.065Gy ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ | ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠷᠵᠢᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ 5.5×108 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵Bq | ︶᠂ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ 7.4×107 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵Bq︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ 2~3 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ 6~9 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 10 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠬᠢᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ | ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ | ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ 2 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 4~38 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 11 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵3︶ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ | ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠯᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠯᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ | ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ 4 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 71.4% ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠴᠣᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ | ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠴᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 10~19 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠲᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ 15~20 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠯᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 23.6 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ | ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 15 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ᠂ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ︵4︶ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ | ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ α ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ | ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠪᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ | ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ | ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ 20~29 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ 15~24 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ 30 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 17 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵5︶ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ | ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ 10 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ ︵μm︶ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ | ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠣᠨᠲ᠋ᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ | ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 30Gy | ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠮᠡᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠲᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 2 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 1.5 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ 21~37 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ︵6︶ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ | ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ α ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ | ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ | ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 13 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃᠂ | ︵7︶ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ 10~28% ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ | ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ | ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠷᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ | ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠳᠣᠩ | ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ 1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 6% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 20% ᠨᠢ 31~50 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ 13~26 | ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠨᠢ 64 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 25 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 8. ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ | ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ 10 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ | ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ | ᠂ 1/4 ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ | ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠩᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ | ᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ | ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ | ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ | ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 2735 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ | ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ 246 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ 300 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ 10.5% ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ | ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ︵ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠮᠦᠨᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ︶ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ | ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨ | ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ︿ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ﹀ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ︿ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ﹀ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵ICRP︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ | ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵UNSCEAR︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵ICRP︶ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ 1Gy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ | ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠂ | ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠲᠡᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠴᠨ ︵ | LET︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵ICRP︶ ᠤᠨ 60 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ︿ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ﹀ ︵Non-Stochastic Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ︿ | ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ﹀ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮ | ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Deterministic | Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ︿ᠯᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ﹀ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠮᠦᠨᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ︿ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ | ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ﹀ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ | ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 1%~5% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ | ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ | ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ | ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠪᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ | ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠢᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ | ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ | ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠣᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ | ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠴᠨ ︵LET︶᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ | ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ᠂ | ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 1. ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ 0.15Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 0.4Gy ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠ | ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠶᠢᠯᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ 3Gy~5Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 2Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 0.65Gy~1.5 Gy ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 2Gy~3 Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ | ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ 2.5~6 | Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠬᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ | >0.2Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 2. ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ 2~5 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 3~8 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ | ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ Sv.a-1ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠲᠠᠨᠠ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ 0.5 1.5 >0.4 >1.0 | 3. ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ | ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ︵Radiation | cataract︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ | ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ | ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ 9 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ 12 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 2~4 ᠵᠢᠯ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 2Gy~10Gy | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ 1Gy~2Gy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 0.15Gy ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠯ 5.0 >0.1 >0.15 | ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ︵ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ︶ 0.5~2.0 | 4. ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ | ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ β | ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ | α ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ 300μm~500μm | ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ 3Gy~5Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ 3 | ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠵᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 20Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠭᠲᠦᠨ | ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠦ᠂ 1 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠨᠤᠯᠲᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 50Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 30Gy ~ 40Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ β ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ 5 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ | ᠡᠪᠡᠷᠰᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠤᠯᠪᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ | ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 250Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 1 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠨᠢᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ | 1010 ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 1010Bq ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 5Gy ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | 5. ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ | ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠡᠭᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠡᠭᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ︵ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠡᠭᠬᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠯᠮᠠᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ | ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠤᠨᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ︿ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ﹀ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠂ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠂ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ | ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ 1Gy~10Gy ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ᠂ 10Gy~20Gy ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ | ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠣ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ᠂ 20Gy~50Gy ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ >50Gy ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | 1. ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ | 100cGy ~ 1000cGy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ | ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ︵bone marrow type︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ᠂ | ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ᠂ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠽᠸᠢ ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 100 ᠳ᠋ᠠᠽᠸᠢ ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵cGy︶ ~ 200cGy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ | ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 1/3 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ | ᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠤᠯᠳᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠦᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ | ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 1~2 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠯᠢᠲᠷ ︵L︶ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 10×109 ᠤᠨ | ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ᠂ 30 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ 3×109/L ~ 4×109/L ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 1 ~ 3 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ 1×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠃ 50 ~ 60 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ | ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 200cGy ~ 400cGy ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | A. ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠄ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 4 ~ 5 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠨ | ᠰᠤᠯᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠤᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠦᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠨᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠬᠤᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ | ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 38 ᠭᠷᠠᠳᠦ᠋ᠰ ︵℃︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 1 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ 1~3 ᠬᠢᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠮᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠩᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ | ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠰᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ 1 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ 10×109/L | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | B. ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 20~30 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠯᠳᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ | ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠦᠲᠡ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠴᠤᠭ ᠰᠦᠯᠳᠠ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 7~12 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ 14 | ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 60×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ | ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ 1~2 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠦᠷᠡᠵᠦ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | C. ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 18~34 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 2×109/L ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ | ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠮᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ᠂ | ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ | 20×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ᠂ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠨᠢᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠦᠷ ᠲᠦᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ | ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ︵ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ︶᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | D. ᠲᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠄ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ 5~7 | ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠵᠦ᠂ 50 ~ 60 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳ 5×109/L ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ 2 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠵᠦ᠂ 2 ~ | 4 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ 1 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ᠂ | 2 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ 600cGy ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ︵3︶ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ | ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 400cGy ~ 600cGy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 24 ~ 48 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 15 ~ 25 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ 14 | ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 30×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ 1~2 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ | ᠦᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 2.5×1012/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 39℃~ 40℃ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 20×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ | ︵ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ︶᠂ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠨᠢᠲᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵4︶ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ | ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 600cGy~1000cGy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ 1 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | 2~3 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 10 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ 1 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 1×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ 2~3 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 0.25×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | 2. ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 1000cGy~5000cGy ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ | ︵gastro-intestianl type︶ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠦᠨᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ 20 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ 20 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ 4 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠵᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠤᠭᠯᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ 3~5 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ | ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 5~8 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 20 ~30 ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ | ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 20 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠪᠠᠯ 2 ~ 3 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | 3. ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 5000cGy ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ︵central nervous system type︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ 6 ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ 2 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ 1 ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 1 ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 2 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠯᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠳᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ 8800cGy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ 10 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠦᠨ᠂ | ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠤᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠰ ᠭᠤᠰ ᠬᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ 38℃~ 39.4℃ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠵᠢᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠳᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠰ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠵᠦ ᠡᠮᠢᠶᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠨᠢᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ 49 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠩᠨᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠦᠡᠭᠬᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ12000cGy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ | ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠬᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 11 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠲᠤ | ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 18 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠪᠦᠦᠷ | ᠲᠦᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ 20~30 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠪᠠᠯᠵᠠᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠯᠳᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ 80 | ᠪᠠ 40 ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ 39.4℃ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ 14 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 30 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠠ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠳᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ 34.7 ᠴᠠᠭ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷᠬᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭ 4—3 | ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭ 4—3 ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠤᠭᠵᠤᠮ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ︵Gy︶ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ︵d︶>1 | 25% ᠵᠢᠨᠲ᠋ᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨᠡ — 3~5 ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠨᠡ 30~60 5~15 ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ | ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠨᠡ 10~20>15 ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠨᠡ 1~5 | ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ | ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ 100mGy | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠯᠨ ᠳᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵ICRP︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ︵Tissue Reaction︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ICRP ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 0.1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ | ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ | ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ 0.1Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠬᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠮᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ | ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠮᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ 8 ~15 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠨᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ | ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠩ ᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ | ᠨᠡᠩ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 0.5 Gy ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ 0.5 Gy ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ | ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ᠂ CT ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ------- | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠣᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠲᠣᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ | ᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠮᠠ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Radiation Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠶᠢᠮᠤ | ᠲᠣᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ | ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠳᠤ | ᠢᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠴᠣᠯᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ | ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ︵System︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ | ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ | ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 1. ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ᠂ ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ | ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ | ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 2. ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ | ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ | ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ᠂ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠪᠢᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ | ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ᠂ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠰᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ | ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠤ | ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ 65% ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ 70% ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ 4 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ 91% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 20%᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ | 76%᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 80%᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 86%᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 99% ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ | ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠠᠩ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ | ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠠᠩ ᠨᠢ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 3. ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 5 ᠯᠢᠲᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ | ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠯᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠭᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠯᠤᠭᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠨ | ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠤᠩ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ | ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ 45% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠦ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ | ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ | ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠩᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ︵ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ︶ ᠡᠰ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ | ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ︵Tissiu︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ | ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠣᠯᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ︵Organ︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ | ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠰᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠰᠢ | ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ︵ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ︶᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ ︵ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠢᠮᠪ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ︶᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠂ ᠡᠪᠴᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠯᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠬᠤ ︵Lens | Opacities︶ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ︵Cataract︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ 16 ~20g ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ 2.5 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ | ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤᠨ ︵μm︶ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠯᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮᠬᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠢᠤᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠤ | ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 1016 ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 1012 ᠠᠴᠠ 1014 ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ | ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ | ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 10μm ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ 3μm | ~4μm᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ 7μm ~8μm᠂ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ 20μm᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ 100μm ~150μm ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ 1 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ︵m︶ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ | ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠴᠢᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ | ᠳᠠᠬᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ | ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ | ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠦᠲᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 400 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ 3500 ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ 1014 ᠡᠰ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠨᠡ᠃ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ | ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠨᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠪ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ | ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 1~2 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠦᠷᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ | ᠯᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ︵ᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷ︶ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | 1. ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ | ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠶᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ | ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠢᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ | ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋᠂ ᠭᠧᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵DNA︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠪᠦ᠋ᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵ | RNA︶ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ | ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | 2. ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ | ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ︿ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋﹀ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ | ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ᠂ ᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ | ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ᠄ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ᠂ ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ | ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ | ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ︿ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ﹀ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠ | ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ | ᠪᠤᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨᠲ᠋ᠣᠣᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ | ᠴᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋᠄ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ | ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | 3. ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ | ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ︵ | Milieu Intérieur︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠢᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠮᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ | ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ | ᠪᠠ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ | ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | 5. ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ | ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ | ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭᠲᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵DNA︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ | ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ | ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ︵Chromosome︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ | ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ 8 ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ | ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ 13/4 ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠰᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ | ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ᠂ 6 ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠦᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠣᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ | ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠮᠣᠰᠭᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠣᠰᠭᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠮᠣᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ | ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠰ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ DNA ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ | ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 46 ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠡᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ᠂ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ | ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ 23 ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ 1 ~22 ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ | ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ x ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ yᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ x ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ y ᠬᠤᠣᠰ᠂ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ x᠂ x ᠬᠤᠣᠰᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨx ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ | ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠵᠦ᠂ y ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ x ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ᠂ y ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ | ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠠᠪᠤ᠂ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ | ᠭᠧᠨ ︵Gene︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 2000 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ | DNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 1000 ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 50000 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ | ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵DNA︶ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | 1. ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠄ DNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ DNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ | ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ DNA ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ RNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠭᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠬᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ DNA ᠵᠢᠨᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠄ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠤᠨᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ︵-H︶ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠢᠰᠭᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ | ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠄ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ︵Purine︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ︵Pyrimidine︶ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠳᠧᠨᠢᠨ ︵Adenine᠂ A ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠨᠢᠨ ︵ | Guanine᠂ G ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨᠡ﹀ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠲ᠋ᠧᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ︵Cytocine᠂ C ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ︵Thymine᠂ T ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨᠡ︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ | ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠽᠤᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ | ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠠᠼᠤᠲ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ 4 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ A ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ T ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ A=T ᠪᠣᠶᠤ T=A ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ | ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ G ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ C ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ G≡C ᠪᠣᠶᠤ | C≡G ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 40000 ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ 440000 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | DNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ RNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 2. ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠄ RNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ Ribonucleic Acid ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ RNA ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵AMP︶᠂ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵GMP︶᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ | ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵CMP︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵UMP︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ RNA | ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ RNA᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ RNA᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ RNA ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ︵1︶ mRNA᠄ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ RNA ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ Messenger-RNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ RNA ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ 5%~10% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ mRNA ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ DNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳ | ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵2︶ t-RNA᠄ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ RNA ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ Transfer- RNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ | RNA ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ 5%~10% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ t-RNA ᠨᠢ | ᠰᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ mRNA ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ | ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ t-RNA | ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠰᠭᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠶᠢᠯᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ︿ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯ﹀ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ CCA ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ︵3︶ r-RNA᠄ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ RNA ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ Ribosomal-RNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ | DNA ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 108 ᠠᠴᠠ 1010 ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 10-9 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ | ᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠢᠮ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ᠂ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤᠪ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠡᠰᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ | ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ | DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ | ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ | DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ RNA ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ᠂ DNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ | ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ DNA ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ | ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ︵10-6 | ︶ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠪᠤᠮ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ︵10-9︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠤᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ | ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Radiation | Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ᠂ | ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Biological Effect of | Ionizing Radiation︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ | ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ︵Radiation Injuries ᠪᠣᠶᠤ Radiation Injury ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ Radiation Damage ᠪᠠᠰᠠ Injury︶ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠢ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ | ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠯᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ | ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠨᠡ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠦᠨᠦᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ᠂ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ | ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ᠂ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ᠂ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ | ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | 1. ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ | ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ | ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ DNA ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠮᠠ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ︵Direct Effect︶ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 10-16 ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠮᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠷ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ | ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ | ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ DNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠫᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ | ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 1.︶ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠸᠤᠯᠲ ︵eV︶ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ | ᠮᠣᠯᠲᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ DNA ᠨᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ | ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ | ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ | 2.︶ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ | ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠪᠠᠷ | ᠣᠨᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ᠋ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ | ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰᠨ | ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠠ | ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ DNA | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1/15~1/20 ᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ | DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠣᠯᠪᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠣᠨᠳᠣᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ | ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ | ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ | ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ︵Indirect Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ | ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | 1︶ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 10-16 ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠮᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ H2O ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ H2O+ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ e- ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 2︶ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ — ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 10-12 ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ H2O+ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ H+ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ OH ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ OH | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ OH ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ H2O2 ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠨᠢᠰ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ H2O | ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ H2O- ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨᠠ᠃ H2O- ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ H ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨOH- ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ H+᠂ OH-᠂ H ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ OH ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ H ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ OH ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ︵Free Radicals︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ | ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠰᠤᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 10-6 ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ | ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠳᠤ | ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 3︶ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ | ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ DNA ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ | ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷᠲᠤ | ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ | ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | 4︶ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ | ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ | ᠭᠡᠮᠳᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 2. ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ DNA ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ | ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 365赢多少钱会被限额_国内有真正的365平台吗_365bet博彩官网 | DNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠦᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ | ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ | ︵Gene Mutation︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠣᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ᠂ | ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ᠂ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ᠂ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ | ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ RNA ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ DNA ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ | ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠷ | ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 3. ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ | DNAᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ DNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ | ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠨᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ | ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠣᠷᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ | ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ︵ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠬᠤ | ︶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ | ᠃ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ | ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠤᠷᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ | ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠯᠢᠮᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | 4. ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ | ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ | ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ | ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠡᠭᠬᠡ | ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨᠡ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠯᠲᠡ | ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ | DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠡᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ | DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮᠬᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠭᠲᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠰ | ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ | ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠤᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ | ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ | ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠤᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ DNA ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ DNA ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ | ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ | ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ | ︵3︶ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠯ | ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ | ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ | ᠃ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ | ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠷ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ | ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠷᠡ | ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠭ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵4︶ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡ | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ | ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ | ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠦᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠴᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ | ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠦᠷᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ | ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | 5. ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ | ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ︵Progenitor Cell︶ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ | ᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭᠦᠦ᠂ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠦᠷᠨᠢᠩᠭᠦᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠲᠤ | ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠤᠯᠲᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ | ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ | χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠤᠩ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠴᠢ Grubbé ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ︿ | ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ﹀ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ 1896 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ︿ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ﹀ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ Stewens ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ 1897 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 2 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ Gilchrist ᠠᠴᠠ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ | ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 23 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1900 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Walkoff ᠠᠴᠠ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ 11 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ Giesel ᠠᠴᠠ ᠹᠷᠤᠮᠲᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ | ᠢᠶᠠᠨ 2 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ 1901 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ | ︵︶ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠣᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠬᠦᠷᠮᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 6 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠢᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ 11 ᠡᠳᠤᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠯᠲᠠᠷᠠᠨ | ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠡ᠃ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠾᠷᠤᠮᠲᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ 10 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠤᠯᠲᠠᠷᠠᠨ | ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1902 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Frieben ᠠᠴᠠ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ︿ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ﹀ ᠨᠤᠯᠲᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ | ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯᠡ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ 25 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ | ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ | 1935~1954 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠲᠤ᠂ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1944~1951ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠲᠤ᠂ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 224 ᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1928~1954 ᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠲᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠳᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ︵Thorotrast︶ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭᠦᠦ᠂ | ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠳᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠮ᠂ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ Ledoux—Lebard ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ 1922 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ 100 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ | 1︶ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ᠄ 1904 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ 104 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ Feygin | ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ 1906 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Bergoniè ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ Tribondeau ᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1911 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Krause ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠨ 54 | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ 1911 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠾᠧᠰᠸᠢ ︵ | Hesse︶ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨᠨᠢ 94 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ | 50 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 2︶ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ᠄ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ 20 ᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠣᠷᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ | ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ Martland ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ 1925 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ 50 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 3︶ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 1500 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠧᠺ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ K.E.Morgan ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠨ | ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ 1925 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Martland ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠺᠰᠧᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ Schneberg ᠤᠨ | ᠺᠣᠪᠡᠯᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 1875~1917 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ 622 ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ 322 ᠨᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ 87% ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1921~1926 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ 50% ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠦᠱᠢᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ Joachimstal ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 1929~1930 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ —226 ︵226Ra︶᠂ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ | —222 ︵222Rn︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ —218 ︵218Po︶ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ | ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 4︶ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠄ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ | ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ 2 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ 9 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠣᠯᠢᠶᠣᠲ — | ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ ︵︶ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ | 3. ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ | 1896 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Edison ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ Morton ᠤ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ | ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1896 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 4 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ Danil ᠪᠠᠰᠨ χ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠬᠠᠯᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ 40 ᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ | ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠶᠢᠯᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ | ᠲᠠᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠨᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠴᠤᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ | ᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ | ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 1. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ | ᠲᠣᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ | ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳᠴᠢ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ | ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵somatic effects︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Hereditary | Effects or genetic effects︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ 60 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Acute Radiation | Effect︶ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Early Effect︶ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ | ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Chronic | Radiation Effect︶ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Late Effect︶ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ︵3︶ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Total Body Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ | ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Local Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ︵3︶ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ | ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠣᠨᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵ | stochastic effects︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠡᠰ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵deterministic effects︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ︵4︶ ᠭᠠᠮᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ | ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠪᠳᠤᠲᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ | ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠠᠮᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Sparing Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ | ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠯᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 2. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠂ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ | ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠄ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ α᠂ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ LET ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ χ᠂ γ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠠᠬᠤ | ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ | ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠄ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ — ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ | ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ | ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ | ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ︵ᠮᠢᠯᠯᠢ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ︶ ᠤᠨ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠄ | ﹀250᠄ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | | 250~1000᠄ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭ ︵ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ | ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ | ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | 1000~2000᠄ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ 1.25 ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ 20%~25% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ | ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭ ︵ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠪᠲᠦᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ | ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 2000~4000᠄ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ 24 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ | ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | 4000~6000᠄ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨᠡ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ | ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ︵ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ︶ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ | ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠪᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ | ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ︵ 50% ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠨᠡ᠃ | ≥6000᠄ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ 1~2 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ | ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ | ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ︵100%︶ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ᠄ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠡᠯ᠂ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 0.1 ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵0.1Gy??h-1 ︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 1 ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵1Gy??min-1︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 0.1Gy?? h-1 | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ 1Gy??min-1 ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 0.1Gy??h-1 ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ | LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ | ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 1986 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ᠂ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ <0.2Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ <0.05Gy | ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ 0.2~2.0Gy᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ 0.05~0.5Gy | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ >2.0Gy᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ >0.5Gy | ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ <0.05mGy/min᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ <0.05mGy/min | ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ 0.05mGy/min~0.05Gy/min ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ 0. | 05mGy/min~0.05Gy/min | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ >0.05Gy/min᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ >0.05Gy/min | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ᠄ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ | ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ χ᠂ γ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ α ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ β ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 1/3 ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | | ︵2︶ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷ᠂ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ | ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ︵radiosensitivity︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ᠄ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠯᠡ | ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ | ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠦ᠄ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ 20 ᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ 50 ᠭᠠᠳ | ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ 2 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 38 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ> ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ> ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ> ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤᠳ> ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ> ᠢᠳᠡᠷᠴᠦᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ | ᠦᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ᠄ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ > ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ > ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ > ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ > ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠄ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ | ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ | ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ᠄ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ︵ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ︶᠂ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ︵ | ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ︶᠂ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ ︵ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ︶᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠣ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ | ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ ︵ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠡᠭᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ︶᠂ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ︵ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ︶᠂ | ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ᠄ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ︵ᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠲᠤ | ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ︶᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ᠄ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ︵ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ︶᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ᠄ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ᠂ ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ᠂ | ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ | ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ> ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ > | ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ> ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ> ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ> ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ> ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠰ᠄ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ > ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ | ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ | ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ> ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ᠃ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ > ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ> ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ> ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠡᠰ> ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ> ᠡᠯᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ> ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ > ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠰ> ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ> ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠄ DNA>mRNA>rRNA>tRNA> ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ | ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡ | ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ | ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Stochastic Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠶᠠᠭ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ | ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ | ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ | ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ | ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ | ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ | χ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ | | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠢ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Carcinogenesis︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ | ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ | ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | | 1. ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠨ᠂ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ | ᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 2~50 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 30 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠣᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | 2. ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ 1990 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 60 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠴᠠᠲᠤ ︵LET︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠰᠠᠩ᠂ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ᠂ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠩ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠷᠢᠩᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ 13 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ | ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ᠂ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ᠂ ᠨᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭᠦᠦ᠂ ᠡᠪᠴᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ 10 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | | ︵1︶ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ | ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ | ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ | ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠴᠦᠮ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠲᠠ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ | ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 2 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 8 ~13 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ 25 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠴᠤᠯᠤ | ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ | ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ᠂ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ | ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠤᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠲᠠᠨᠴᠢᠷ ᠴᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠮᠡᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ | ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ 0.1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 0.5Gy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ 0. | 065Gy ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠷᠵᠢᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ 5. | 5×108 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵Bq︶᠂ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ 7.4×107 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵Bq︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ 2~3 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ 6~9 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 10 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ | ᠦᠬᠢᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ 2 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 4~38 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 11 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵3︶ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ | ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠯᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠯᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ | ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ 4 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 71.4% ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠴᠣᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ | ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠴᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 10~19 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠲᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ 15~20 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠯᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 23.6 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ | ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 15 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ᠂ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ︵4︶ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ | ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ | ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ α ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ | ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ | ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠪᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠢ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ 20~29 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ | ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ 15~24 | ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ 30 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 17 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵5︶ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ | ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ 10 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ ︵μm︶ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ | ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠣᠨᠲ᠋ᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ | ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 30Gy | ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠮᠡᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠲᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 2 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 1.5 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ 21~37 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ︵6︶ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ | ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ α ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ | ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ | ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ | ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 13 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃᠂ | ︵7︶ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ 10~28% ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ | ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ | ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠷᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ | ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠳᠣᠩ | ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ 1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 6% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 20% ᠨᠢ 31~50 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ | 13~26 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠨᠢ 64 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 25 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 8. ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ | ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ 10 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ | ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ | ᠂ 1/4 ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ | ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠩᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ | ᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ | ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ | ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ | ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 2735 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ | ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ 246 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ 300 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ 10.5% ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ | ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ | ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ︵ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠮᠦᠨᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ︶ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ | ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠬᠠᠢ | ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨ | ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ︿ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ﹀ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ︿ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ﹀ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵ICRP︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ | ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵UNSCEAR︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵ICRP︶ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ 1Gy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ | ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ | ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠶᠣᠮ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠲᠡᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ᠂ | ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ | ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠴᠨ ︵LET︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵ICRP︶ ᠤᠨ 60 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ︿ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ﹀ ︵Non-Stochastic Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ︿ | ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ﹀ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮ | ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Deterministic | Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ︿ᠯᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ﹀ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠮᠦᠨᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ︿ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ | ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ﹀ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ | ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 1%~5% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ | ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ | ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ | ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠪᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ | ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠢᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ | ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠣᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ | ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠴᠨ ︵LET︶᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ | ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ᠂ | ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 1. ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ 0.15Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 0.4Gy ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠶᠢᠯᠦᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ 3Gy~5Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 2Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 0.65Gy~1.5 Gy ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 2Gy~3 Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ | ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ 2.5~6 | Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠬᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ | >0.2Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 2. ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ 2~5 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 3~8 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ | ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ Sv.a-1ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠲᠠᠨᠠ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ 0.5 1.5 >0.4 >1.0 | 3. ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ | ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ︵Radiation | cataract︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ | ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ | ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ 9 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ 12 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 2~4 ᠵᠢᠯ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 2Gy~10Gy | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ 1Gy~2Gy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 0.15Gy ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠯ 5.0 >0.1 >0.15 ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ︵ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ︶ 0.5~2.0 | 4. ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ | ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ β | ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ | α ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ 300μm~500μm | ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ 3Gy~5Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ 3 | ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠵᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 20Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠭᠲᠦᠨ | ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠦ᠂ 1 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠨᠤᠯᠲᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 50Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 30Gy ~ 40Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ β ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ 5 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ | ᠡᠪᠡᠷᠰᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠤᠯᠪᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ | ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 250Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 1 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠨᠢᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ | 1010 ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 1010Bq ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 5Gy ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | 5. ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ | ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠡᠭᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠡᠭᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ︵ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠡᠭᠬᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠯᠮᠠᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ | ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠤᠨᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ︿ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ﹀ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠂ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠂ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ | ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ 1Gy~10Gy ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ᠂ 10Gy~20Gy ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ | ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠣ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ᠂ 20Gy~50Gy ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ >50Gy ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | 1. ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ | 100cGy ~ 1000cGy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ︵bone marrow type︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ | ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ᠂ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠽᠸᠢ ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 100 ᠳ᠋ᠠᠽᠸᠢ ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵cGy︶ ~ 200cGy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ | ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 1/3 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ | ᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠤᠯᠳᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠦᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ | ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 1~2 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠯᠢᠲᠷ ︵L︶ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 10×109 ᠤᠨ | ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ᠂ 30 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ 3×109/L ~ 4×109/L ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 1 ~ 3 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ 1×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠃ 50 ~ 60 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ | ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 200cGy ~ 400cGy ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ | ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | A. ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠄ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 4 ~ 5 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠨ | ᠰᠤᠯᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠤᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠦᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠨᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠬᠤᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ | ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 38 ᠭᠷᠠᠳᠦ᠋ᠰ ︵℃︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 1 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ 1~3 ᠬᠢᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠮᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠩᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ | ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠰᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ 1 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ 10×109/L | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | B. ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 20~30 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠯᠳᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ | ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠦᠲᠡ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠴᠤᠭ ᠰᠦᠯᠳᠠ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 7~12 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ 14 | ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 60×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ | ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ 1~2 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠦᠷᠡᠵᠦ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | C. ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 18~34 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 2×109/L ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ | ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠮᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ᠂ | ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ | 20×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ᠂ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠨᠢᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠦᠷ ᠲᠦᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ | ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ︵ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ︶᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | D. ᠲᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠄ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ | 5~7 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠵᠦ᠂ 50 ~ 60 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳ 5×109/L ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ | ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ 2 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠵᠦ᠂ 2 ~ | 4 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ 1 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ᠂ | 2 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ 600cGy ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ︵3︶ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ | ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 400cGy ~ 600cGy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 24 ~ 48 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 15 ~ 25 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ 14 | ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 30×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ 1~2 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ | ᠦᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 2.5×1012/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 39℃~ 40℃ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 20×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ | ︵ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ︶᠂ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠨᠢᠲᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵4︶ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ | ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 600cGy~1000cGy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ 1 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ 2~3 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 10 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ 1 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 1×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ 2~3 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 0. | 25×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | 2. ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 1000cGy~5000cGy ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ︵gastro-intestianl type︶ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠦᠨᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ 20 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ 20 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ 4 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠵᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠤᠭᠯᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ 3~5 | ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 5~8 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 20 | ~30 ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 20 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠪᠠᠯ 2 ~ 3 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ | ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | 3. ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 5000cGy ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ︵central nervous system type︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ 6 ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ 2 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ | ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ 1 ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 1 ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ | ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 2 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠯᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠳᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ 8800cGy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ 10 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠦᠨ᠂ | ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠤᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠰ ᠭᠤᠰ ᠬᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ 38℃~ 39.4℃ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠵᠢᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠳᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠰ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠵᠦ ᠡᠮᠢᠶᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠨᠢᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ 49 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠩᠨᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠦᠡᠭᠬᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ12000cGy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ | ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠬᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 11 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠲᠤ | ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 18 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠪᠦᠦᠷ | ᠲᠦᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ 20~30 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠪᠠᠯᠵᠠᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠯᠳᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ 80 | ᠪᠠ 40 ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ 39.4℃ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ 14 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 30 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠠ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠳᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ 34.7 ᠴᠠᠭ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷᠬᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ | ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭ 4—3 | ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭ 4—3 ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠤᠭᠵᠤᠮ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ︵Gy︶ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ︵d︶ >1 | 25% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨᠡ — 3~5 ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠨᠡ 30~60 5~15 ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ | ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠨᠡ 10~20 >15 ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠨᠡ 1~5 | ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ | ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ 100mGy | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠯᠨ ᠳᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵ICRP︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ︵Tissue Reaction︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ICRP ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 0.1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ | ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ 0.1Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠬᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ 365赢多少钱会被限额_国内有真正的365平台吗_365bet博彩官网 | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠮᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ | ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠮᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ 8 ~15 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ | ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠨᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠩ ᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 0.5 Gy ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ 0.5 Gy ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ᠂ CT ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ | ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ | ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 17% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠂ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 98 % ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ 90 ᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ︵ | X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 16 ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ 2.4 ᠵᠢᠸᠠ ︵ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠮᠡ︶ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠡᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ 2 ᠪᠤᠮ ︵ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠮᠡ︶ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ᠂ | ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢᠳ 4.9 ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ︵ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠮᠡ︶ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ | ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ | ᠴᠦᠮ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠤᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ | ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ | ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ | ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠣᠪᠤᠶᠢᠮᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ | ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠰ ︵Boice︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ | ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ | 1. ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 0.91 ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ | ︵Gy︶ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 2. ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠳᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 3. ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠳ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ | 1. X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ | ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ 20 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ | ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 2. ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠢᠳᠤ ᠶᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 0.09cGy ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ | ᠣᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 3. ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠴᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 10 ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠬᠢᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 4. ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ | ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 5. ᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠳᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 6. ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠵᠤᠭᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ | 1. ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠠᠩ᠂ ᠬᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢ᠂ | ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | 2. ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠳᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | 3. ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠺᠢᠨᠰ ︵Hodgkins disease︶ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ | ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | 4. ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | 5. ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠷᠢᠩᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭ᠂ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | 6. ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ | ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠪᠣᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ | ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ | ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠣᠪᠤᠶᠢᠮᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ | ᠬᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠷᠢᠩᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠨ | X ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶᠂ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠢᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠨ CR ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠨ DR ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠨ DSA ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶᠂ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠢᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠨ CT ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ | ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ 80% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ᠂ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ | ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ 0.6%~3% ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ︵ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠳᠬᠤᠵᠦ ᠰᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠭ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ︵ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠴᠤ | ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵ICRP︶᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ︵WHO︶ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ | ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ | ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ | ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠡ᠂ ᠵᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠤᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ | ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠦ | ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 1. ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ | X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠤᠱᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠲᠠᠯ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ | ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ ᠰᠣᠮᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠮ | ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ | ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠭ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠣᠪᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ | ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠮᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ | ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ︵3︶ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ | ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ | ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠨ᠂ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠨ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ | ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵4︶ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ | ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠪᠰᠢᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠡᠩ | ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠢᠯᠢ ᠠᠮᠫᠧᠷ ︵mA︶ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠳ ᠨᠢ | ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠢ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ | ︵5︶ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠪᠦᠯ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠬᠦ | ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ 20℃ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠭᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ | 70% ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠭᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠩᠭᠠ | ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠩᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠱᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠵᠦ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠢᠰᠡᠷᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ | ᠣᠷᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠢᠰ ᠲᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | 2. ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ | ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠨ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ | X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ | ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠵᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ | ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ | X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠤᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠰᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠡᠭᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ | ᠳᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ | ︵3︶ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ | ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ | ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ | ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ︵4︶ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ | ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠩᠬᠦ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ︵5︶ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ | ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠦᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦ︔ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠴᠡᠬᠦ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ︵6︶ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ | ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠤ ᠤᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ | ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ | ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠭᠴᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | 3. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ | ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠳᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ — ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠪ | ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ︵2︶ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ | ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠢᠡᠭᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ | ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ | ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠢ X | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ︵3︶ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ | ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ | ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | | ︵4︶ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠶᠢᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ | ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠷ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ | ᠳᠡᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ︵5︶ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ | ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠦ | ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠰᠠᠷᠨᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠯᠤᠰᠯᠠᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ | ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠮᠢᠯᠢ ᠠᠮᠫᠧᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ | ᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ | ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ︵6︶ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ X ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ | ᠠᠷᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠮ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ | ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠭᠤᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠮᠯᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ | ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | 1. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠤᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠯᠡᠴᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠺᠦᠸᠠᠳ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ 30cm ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 2. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠣᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ | X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠣᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ | ᠣᠯᠠᠮ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ 200mA ︵ᠮᠢᠯᠢ ᠠᠮᠫᠧᠷ︶ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ 70 ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠸᠤᠯᠲ ~ 80 ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠸᠤᠯᠲ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠯ᠂ 300 mA ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ X | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ 80kV~100 ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠸᠤᠯᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠯ | ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠴᠣᠯᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠠᠷᠨᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠴᠠ | ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 3. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠣᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ 200mA ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ 2.5mA ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ 300mA ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ | ᠨᠢ 2mA ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ | 4. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ | X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠤᠯᠬᠢ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠢ | ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ 4mm ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠮᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ | ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠤ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠷᠨᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | 5. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ X ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ X | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ | ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ X | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ 1/3 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃᠂ X ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ | ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠴᠣᠯᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ | ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠴᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 6. ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ | ᠰᠠᠷᠨᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠲᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 400cm2 ᠤᠨ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ | 100cm2 ᠤᠨ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ 4 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠴᠣᠯᠣ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ | ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ X ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ | ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 184 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | 7. ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ | ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠨᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠨ | ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠮᠡᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ | ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠮᠳᠤᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 10 ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠴᠠᠭ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ 1 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ | ᠪᠣᠶᠤ 2 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠶᠠᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠡᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠷᠨᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ | ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠡᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠰᠣᠪᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ | ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ X | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠡᠭᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ | ᠳᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠤᠨ | ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠰᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | ︵ᠨᠢᠭᠡ︶ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ | ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰᠲᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ | ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ | ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠡᠭᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ | ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ X | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠡᠯᠰᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ | ᠴᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ | ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ | ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 1. ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠡᠭᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ | ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ | ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ X | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ | ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ | ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ | ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠣᠰᠨ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠡᠭᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠣᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ | ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠣᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ | ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠰᠢᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ | ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ | ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ | ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠡᠭᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | 2. ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰᠲᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰᠲᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ | ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰᠲᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 0.017% ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠯᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ | ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰᠲᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ | ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠰᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰᠲᠡᠳ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠦᠷᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠳᠠᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠤᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠳᠠᠵᠦ | ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠷᠪᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠪᠠ | ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | | ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠭ | ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ | ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠯᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ | ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠨᠢᠵᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠶᠢᠰᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ | ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ | ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠬᠠᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ | ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ | ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 1. ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ | ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠩ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠯᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ︽ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ | ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | 2. ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ︽ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ | ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 3. ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ | ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ︽ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ︾ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ | ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ | ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ | ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠴᠢ ᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ | ᠳᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠮᠵᠢ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠢ | ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 1. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ | ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ | ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ kBq ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵pBq︶ | ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠠᠳ | ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠤᠨ ᠸᠤᠯᠲ ︵TeV︶ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ | ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠤ | ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠯᠣᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠰᠣᠭᠤᠭ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 2. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠲᠡᠯ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠲᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ | ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ | ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ | ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ᠂ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠫᠯᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ | ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ᠂ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ︵nuclear installation︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠱᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠣᠡᠭᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠠᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ | ᠴᠦᠮᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠨᠢᠵᠤ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ | ᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | 1. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ᠂ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ | Ⅰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ᠂ Ⅱ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ 3 ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ︵3 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ︶ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ | Ⅰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ᠂ Ⅱ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ 2 ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ ︵2 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ︶ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ 10 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ︵10 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ︶ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ | ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ︵3︶ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ | Ⅲ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ 9 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ ︵9 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ︶ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ︵4︶ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ | Ⅳ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ᠂ Ⅴ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠲᠡᠯᠡ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ Ⅰ᠂ Ⅱ | ᠂ Ⅲ᠂ Ⅳ᠂ Ⅴ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ Ⅴ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠦᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ︵1︶ Ⅰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ | ᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ 1 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ︵2︶ Ⅱ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ︵3︶ Ⅲ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ︵4︶ Ⅳ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠳᠠᠵᠦ | ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵5︶ Ⅴ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ | ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠢ ︽ᠳᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ | ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ︾ ︵GB 18871-2002︶ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ | ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ Ⅰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ Ⅱ᠂ Ⅲ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 2. ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ︵IAEA︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ︵OECD︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ 7 ᠳᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠦᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯ᠄ | ︵1︶ 7 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ᠄ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ | ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ︵2︶ 6 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ᠄ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠠᠲᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ︵3︶ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ᠄ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠂ | ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ︵4︶ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ᠄ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠠᠲᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠂ | ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ︵5︶ 3 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ᠄ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠦᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ︵6︶ 2 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ᠄ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠃ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠠᠲᠠ | ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ︵7︶ 1 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ᠄ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠃ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠨᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ︵8︶ 0 ᠳᠡᠰ᠄ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠍ᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠃ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ | ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ︵9︶ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠄ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠃ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠃ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ | ᠴᠦᠮᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠯᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ | ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ | ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | | ︵1︶ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ︵1AEA︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ | ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ 2010 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠢ | ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠴᠤᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ︵WHO︶ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠷᠤᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ | ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ︵ᠭᠤᠶᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ | ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ︶ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ︵REMPAN︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ | ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠷᠤᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ | ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ 40 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠤᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ | ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ | ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ︵ | ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ | ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ | ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ | ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ︔ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ︔ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠢ | ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ 307 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ︔ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ︔ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ | ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠵᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠤᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠠᠪᠤ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠩ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ | ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ | ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ | ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 1. ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ | ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠬᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ 1986 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | 26 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠨ | ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠰᠢᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠨᠵᠧᠨᠧᠷᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ 1990 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 6 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ | ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 25 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 9 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠱᠠᠩᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ | ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ | ᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ | ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠠᠳᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 7 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ 2-20Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠵᠦ᠂ 2 ᠨᠢ | ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠷᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠦᠯ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ | ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ︵ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ | ᠨᠦᠢᠷᠮᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠤᠭ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠨᠢ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠯᠤᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ | ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ | ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ | ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠷᠠᠽᠢᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠶᠠᠨᠢᠶᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠼᠧᠽᠢ — 137 ︵ 137 Cs︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ 137 Cs ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠮᠤᠤᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ | ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠤ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ | ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠠᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠨᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨᠠ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ | ᠰᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ | ᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠣᠣ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠬᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺᠴᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠣᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ 137 Cs ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠭᠡᠳ 1.1 ᠪᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ | ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠨ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠬᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ | ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ ᠨᠤᠴᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠯᠡᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ | ᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠴᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠧᠷᠯᠦ᠋ᠰ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶᠂ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠺᠷᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ | 131I᠂ 137Cs᠂ 134 Cs ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠾᠢᠷᠤᠱᠢᠮᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠰᠠᠺᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ 200 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ 13.8 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠧᠷᠯᠦᠰ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ | ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ 1/5 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ 20% ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ 6000km2 ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ 400 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠪᠣᠮ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 600 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ γ ᠪᠠ β ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 2 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ 134 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ 94 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 2~16Gy | ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ 8 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ β ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 10~30Gy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ 3 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ 28 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ | ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ︽ᠪᠣᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠣᠷᠪᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠬ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ | ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ︵ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ | ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ︵ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ | ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ︶᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵3︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠮᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠣᠬᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ | ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ | ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ | ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ 3 ᠱᠠᠲᠤ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ᠂ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ | ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ | ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ | ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ | ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 30 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ 1 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ 30 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ 1 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ | ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠷᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷᠴᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ 8 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 30 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ 2 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠵᠦ᠂ 16 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 1 ᠠᠴᠠ 4 ᠴᠠᠭ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 30 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ 1 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠩ | ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ | ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ 10 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ | ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠵᠤᠮ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 0.45 | ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵EBq︶ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ 5 ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ | ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ 10 ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 0.35 ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵EBq︶ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ | ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠄ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠨ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦ᠋ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠂ | ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ | ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ᠂ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ︵4︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ᠂ | ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ | ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠴᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠯᠡᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ | ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤ | ᠪᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ᠂ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠪᠦᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ | ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠷᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ | ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ 90Sr ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ 137 | Cs ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠷᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ︵I︶᠂ ᠲᠧᠯᠦ᠋ᠷ ︵Te︶᠂ ᠼᠧᠽᠢ ︵Cs︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ | ᠃ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ | ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠡᠴᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠨ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ | ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠦᠪᠪᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠮ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠰᠠᠷᠨᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠮᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠭᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ | ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠲᠷᠣᠠᠲ -90 ︵ 90 Sr︶᠂ ᠼᠧᠽᠢ -137 ︵ 137 Cs︶ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠫᠯᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ︵Pu︶ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ | ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠾᠢᠷᠤᠱᠢᠮᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠰᠠᠺᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ | ︵5︶ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ DNA᠂ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ | ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ | ᠪᠧᠷᠯᠤᠰ ︵ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ 17 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ 312.4% ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠧᠮᠢᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠠᠵᠮᠦᠹ ᠵᠸᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ | ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ | ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠾᠢᠷᠤᠱᠢᠮᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠰᠠᠺᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ︵6︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ | ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ | ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋᠂ ᠼᠧᠽᠢ᠂ ᠰᠲᠷᠣᠠᠲ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠪᠠᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ | ᠰᠲᠷᠣᠠᠲ᠂ ᠫᠯᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ 30 | ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠼᠧᠽᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠰᠦᠭᠡᠳ 200 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ 500 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠣᠷᠪᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ | ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | 50-60km 2 ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ 800~1000Gy ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠳ | ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠵᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠤᠭ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠰᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ | 300km 2 ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 8~10Gy ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ | ᠬᠤᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠮᠤᠤᠰᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠪᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠨᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠵᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠤᠭ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠰᠨ ᠨᠢ 12000km 2 ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠵᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠤᠭ | ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 3.5~4Gy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1986~1987 ᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ 30 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠦᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ | ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠦᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷᠭᠦ᠋ᠢᠲᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠢ 2 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ 2 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ | ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ | ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ︵7︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ | ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠾᠢᠷᠤᠱᠢᠮᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠰᠠᠺᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠮᠢᠶᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ | ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠲᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠤᠷᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ | ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠤ᠂ ᠠᠶᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠢᠶᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ | ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠮ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ | ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ | ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠦᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ | ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ︔ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ︔ ᠳᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ | ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠢ︔ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠮᠰᠢᠭᠲᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠦ᠋ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠶᠡ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠯᠨ | ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ | ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠤᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠᠳᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ | ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠨᠦᠢᠷ ᠬᠤᠯᠵᠢᠬᠤ᠂ | ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠣᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ︵ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ︶ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠳᠬᠢᠯ | ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ︽ᠪᠣᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠵᠣᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠳᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠪᠣᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠬᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠮᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠯᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠭᠤᠪᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠣᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠤᠷᠴᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ︽ | ᠪᠣᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠮᠤᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠯᠵᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠠᠶᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠴᠤᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠰᠠᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠢᠶᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ | ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ | ᠪᠠ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 2500 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ 1.44 ᠪᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠣᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ 10 ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠸᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ 7400 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠲᠦᠪ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ 10% ᠨᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠩ | ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠧᠲ᠂ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠧᠲ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠵᠦ | ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠰᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ | ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠮ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠮᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠪᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠤ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠨᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ 200 ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠷᠦᠪᠯᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠷᠰᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠤ | ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠮ | ᠲᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠮᠬᠢ ᠲᠢᠭᠯᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ | ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠤ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠢ | ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠴᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ | ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ | ︵8︶ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ᠂ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠡᠰᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ | ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ | ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ | ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ᠂ ᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ | ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 6 ᠪᠤᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 3.4 ᠪᠤᠮ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ᠂ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ | ᠪᠠ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ 1964 ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ᠂ 22000 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ᠂ 1600 ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ 1200 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ | ᠤᠶᠤᠲᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 7000 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠰᠨ 1.2 ᠪᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ 30 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠮ | ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠬ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ | ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ | 137 Cs᠂ 90 Sr᠂ 235U᠂ 239Pu ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ | ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ | ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ | ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠦᠨᠡᠩᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠢ | ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ᠂ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ | ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠮᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ | ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠵᠤᠭᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠣᠣᠰᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠢ | ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡ ᠠᠮᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠠᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠳᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ | ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ | ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ | ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | 1. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠬᠤ | ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ X᠂ γ᠂ β ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ | ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ | ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠬᠤ | ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠺᠦᠸᠠᠳ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ | ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ 1/4 ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ 3 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ 1/9 ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠲᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ᠂ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠳᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ | ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | | 2. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠮᠳᠤᠯ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠦ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭ | ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠳᠣᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠦ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠳᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠳᠦᠲᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | 3. ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠯᠡᠴᠨ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠲᠡᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ 1/5~1/16 ᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠨᠦᠬᠡ ᠵᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ 1/12 ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ᠂ | ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠢᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠰᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 30%~60% ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ | ᠬᠠᠪᠳᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠫᠧᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | 4. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠬᠤ | ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ | ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠣᠣᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠩ᠂ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠳᠣᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 5. ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ | ᠴᠤ ᠵᠦᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠠ | ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠯᠠ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠰᠢᠭᠠᠷᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠦᠯᠦ | ᠵᠢᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠳ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠳᠡᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠢ ︵ | Tl︶ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ -210 ︵ 210 Po︶ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠺᠣᠹᠧ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ | ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠦᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠮᠠᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠫᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠫᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠬᠤᠨᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ | ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠡᠳᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ᠃ | 1. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ | ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠴᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠮᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠴᠦᠴᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠪᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 7 × 10 -9 Sv ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 2. ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ | ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ | ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠤᠩ | ᠠᠴᠠ 0.3 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 9 × 10 -3 ᠺᠦᠯᠦᠮᠪ ᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ 50keV ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 0.1 ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ | ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠰᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ | 3. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ | ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ | ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠯᠨ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠤᠭ ᠨᠣᠪᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ | ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ︵ 3H︶ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ | ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ 3H ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 4. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠤ ᠣᠡᠭᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ︵U︶᠂ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ ︵Th︶᠂ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ︵Ra︶᠂ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ | ᠤᠰᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ︵3H︶᠂ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ︵Rn︶᠂ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ — 14 ︵14C︶᠂ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ︵I︶᠂ ᠼᠧᠽᠢ ︵Cs︶᠂ ᠷᠦᠪᠢᠲᠠᠨ ︵ | Ru︶᠂ ᠺᠣᠪᠠᠯᠲ ︵Co︶᠂ ᠺᠷᠢᠫᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ — 85 ︵ 85Kr︶ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠷᠣᠠᠲ — 90 ︵ 90 Sr︶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 0.0002 mSv ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ 0.002 mSv᠃ | 5. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ | 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 7 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 16 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ 2000 ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ 1980 ᠣᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ 543 ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ 1963 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 110 | ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ︵μSv︶ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 2000 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ 5 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ | ᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ 10% | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠦᠨᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ — 14 ︵ 14 C︶ | ᠂ ᠰᠲᠷᠣᠠᠲ — 90 ︵ 90 Sr︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠼᠧᠽᠢ — 137 ︵ 137 Cs︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 2000 — | 3000 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ 50% ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠤᠨ᠂ 1 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ — 14 | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠷᠣ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ | ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠯᠣᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 10 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵μGy︶ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | 1. ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ | ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ | ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠸᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠴᠤᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠺᠷᠢᠫᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ — 85 ︵ | 85 Kr︶᠂ ᠫᠷᠤᠮᠧᠲ — 147 ︵ 147 Pm︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ — 232 ︵ 232 Th︶ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ | ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ | ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 2. ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 226 ︵ 226 Ra︶ ᠪᠠ ᠫᠷᠤᠮᠧᠲ — 147 ︵ 147 Pm︶ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ︵ 3H︶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ | ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠮᠦᠡᠭᠬᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ | ᠴᠠᠭᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 3H | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ 147Pm ᠨᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠨ β ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠭᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠨᠲ᠋ᠢᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 50 | ᠮᠢᠯᠢᠭᠷᠡᠮ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ 3H ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠬᠤ β ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠨᠲ᠋ᠢᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 0.6 | ᠮᠢᠯᠢᠭᠷᠡᠮ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ β ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠷᠮᠤᠰᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ︵ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ 3H ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ | ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ 147Pm ᠶᠢᠨ β ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ 0.224 ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠸᠤᠯᠲ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠨᠲ᠋ᠢᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 46 ᠮᠢᠯᠢᠭᠷᠡᠮ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ 147Pm ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ β | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠮᠤᠰᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 226 ︵ 226Ra︶ ᠪᠠ ᠫᠷᠤᠮᠧᠲ — 147 ︵ 147 Pm︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠣᠳᠣ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ︵ 3H︶ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 226 ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ | 3.7 × 103 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵0.1 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ︶᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠫᠷᠤᠮᠧᠲ — 147 ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 3.7 × 106 | ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵100 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ︶᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 1.85 × 108 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵5 ᠮᠢᠯᠢ | ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ︶ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 1.5 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ | ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 3.7 × 10 3 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ | ︵0.1 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 226 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠦᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ 0.07 ᠮᠢᠯᠢ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ︵ | mSv︶᠂ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ 0.065 ᠮᠢᠯᠢ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ︵mSv︶ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ | ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 226 ᠶᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 5 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ᠂ | ᠵᠦᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠷ᠂ ᠫᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠩᠬᠤᠸ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮᠧᠷ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ | ᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | 3. ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠪᠤᠡᠭ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠪᠤᠡᠭ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ | ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ | ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ — 210 | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ α ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠪᠤᠡᠭ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠨᠳ᠋ᠸᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠮᠡᠰᠢᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 20 ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ — 210 ︵ 210 Po︶ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 10-8 ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵Gy︶ ᠶᠢᠨ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 4. ᠭᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ | ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠭᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ α ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ | ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ α ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ | ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ | ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ | ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠳᠤᠤᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 226 ︵ 226 Ra︶᠂ ᠫᠯᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ — 238 ︵ | 238 Pu︶᠂ ᠺᠷᠢᠫᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ — 85 ︵ 85 Kr︶᠂ ᠨᠢᠺᠧᠯ — 63 ︵ 63 Ni︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠼ — 241 ︵ 241Am︶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠼ — 241 ︵ 241 Am︶ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ | ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠪᠠᠯ᠂ | ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ | ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 5. ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠲᠤ | ᠳ᠋ᠸᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠴᠤᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠣᠷ | ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠸᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠣᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠪᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠸᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠣᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠨᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ | ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ β ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 6. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠰᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠯ | ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠰᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠮᠡᠰᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ 30% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ 18 % ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠮᠡᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 10 -5 ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠢᠨ — 228 ︵ | 228 Ac︶᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ — 212 ︵ 212Pb︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ — 214 ︵ 214Pb︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 0.5 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 5 ᠮᠢᠯᠢ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | 7. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠳᠤ | ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠼᠧᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠵᠠᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠸᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠼᠧᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ | ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠱᠠᠵᠠᠩ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ 0.1% ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 30 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤᠨ ︵μm︶ | ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 30 ᠮᠢᠯᠢ ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵mGy︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠵᠠᠩ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠵᠠᠩ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ | ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ 0.1%᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ 0.05% ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠵᠠᠩ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ 0.03%᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ 4 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠵᠠᠩ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ 0.0004% — 0.008% ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ 0. | 02% ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠳᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠪᠠ᠃ | 8. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ | ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠦ᠋ᠢᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠮᠠ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ | ᠱᠠᠵᠠᠩ ᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠤᠰᠤᠮᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠦ᠋ᠢᠲᠤ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | | ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ | ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ | ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠰᠡᠤᠯᠡᠨ | ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 1. ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠽᠢᠷᠺᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠹᠤᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ ᠳᠤᠩ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ | ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠨᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠼᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠤ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ — 222 ︵ 222 Rn︶ ᠢ | ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ | ᠡᠳ᠋ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠤ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠶᠢ | ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠳ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ 40 K᠂ 238 U᠂ 232 Th ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ | ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ | ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ | ᠃ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 15 ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ — 40 ︵ 40 K︶ ᠪᠣᠯ 50 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵Bq︶᠂ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ — 238 ︵238 U︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ — 232 ︵ | 232 Th︶ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ 20 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵Bq︶ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ 20% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ — 40 ︵ 40 K︶ ᠪᠣᠯ 104 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵Bq︶᠂ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ — 238 ︵ | 238U︶ ᠪᠣᠯ 36 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵Bq︶᠂ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ — 232 ︵ 232 Th︶ ᠨᠢ 30 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵Bq︶ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ 1700℃ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ | ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠭᠠᠷᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ | ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ — 40 ᠨᠢ 265 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ᠂ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ — 238 ᠨᠢ 200 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ᠂ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 226 ᠨᠢ 240 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ | ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ — 210 ᠨᠢ 930 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ᠂ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ — 210 ᠨᠢ 1700 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ᠂ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ — 232 ᠨᠢ 70 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ᠂ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ — 228 ᠨᠢ | 110 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ᠂ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 226 ᠨᠢ 130 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ — 210 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ — 210 ᠨᠢ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ — 40 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠨᠠᠵᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 228 ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠳᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ | ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ — 210 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠨᠢ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠼᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠧᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ | ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠹᠤᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ — 222 ︵ 222 Rn︶ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠺᠦᠪ | ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 35 — 780 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠨᠣᠨᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ — 210 | ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ 1 — 10 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ — 238 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ 70 — 1500 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ — 232 | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ — 40 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠬᠦ᠂ | ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ | ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠦᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠠᠯᠼ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ | — 210 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ — 238᠂ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ — 234 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ — 230 ᠲᠤᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 600 | ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 226 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ 400 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ — 40 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ — | 232 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ — 238 ︵ 238 U︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ | ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠳᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ | ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠦᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠹᠣᠰᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠭᠠᠩ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ | ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠠᠯᠼ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠹᠣᠰᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠼᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠷᠯᠢᠬ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠺᠠᠯᠼ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠠᠯᠼ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ — 238 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ — 210 ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠯᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠭᠠᠷᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠯᠤᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠧᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ᠂ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ︵3︶ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠳ ᠳᠡᠮᠤᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠼᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠼᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠷᠣ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ | ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠳ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ — 210 ︵ 210 Po︶ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠰᠢᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 0.1~300 | ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ | ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠼᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ — 210 ︵210 Pb︶ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵4︶ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ | ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ — 222 ︵222 Rn︶ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ | ᠠᠪᠬᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ 1 ᠵᠢᠸᠠ ᠸᠤᠯᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ | ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 3 × 10 -5 ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ | ᠵᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠺᠦᠪ ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ | 0.01~0.3 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ᠯᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ 2. ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ — 222 ︵ 222 Rn︶ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠱᠠᠯᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠨᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ | ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠨᠭ᠌ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠧᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ | ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ — 222 ᠤᠨ ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠺᠦᠪ ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 260 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 16 ᠮᠢᠯᠢ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ︵mSv︶ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠩᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 3. ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠢᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ᠂ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠢᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ᠂ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠤ᠋ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠤᠩ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠤᠩ ᠨᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 20kV᠂ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ | 0.1mA ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠰᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ 25kV ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ 1mA ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠤᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ | ᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠤᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵ICRP︶ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 5 ᠰᠡᠨᠲ᠋ᠢᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 0.5mR ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠤᠩᠲᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ | ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠴᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠤᠩ ᠯᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ 10μGy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠢᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠢᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠤ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 0.2 ᠮᠢᠯᠢ ᠰᠢᠸᠢᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 4. ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ | ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 8 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠰᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 1.36 | ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ︵μSv︶ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 16 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠮᠧᠲᠷ ︵20 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠰᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 8 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ︵μSv︶ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ 12 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 11 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ | ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ 9 ~12km ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ 5~8μ Sv | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠠᠲᠯᠠᠨᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠰᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ 30 — 45μSv᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ 2~4μ Sv ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | 5. ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ | ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠨᠲ᠋ᠢᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 0.7 ᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ | ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 0.22 ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵Gy. h-1︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ | ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 0.054 ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵Gy. h- 1︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠨ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠷᠤᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ α ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠨᠲ᠋ᠢᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠤᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ 1.2 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ 5 ᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠫᠷᠤᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ 3.6᠂ 1.7 ᠪᠠ 0.4 ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵Gy︶ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ α | ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ 1.5᠂ 0.3 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ 0.05 ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵Gy︶ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠳᠠ᠂ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ | ᠠᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ︵IAEA︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠢ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ 2002 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ 442 ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ 651 ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ 284 ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ 250 ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠠᠭᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 30 ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 17% ᠶᠢ | ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ 12 ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ | ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ 1/4 ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ 70% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ 30 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠩᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 30% ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ᠂ ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ᠂ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ᠂ | ᠤᠷᠤᠰ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠴᠡᠭᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ 1986 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ 26 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ᠂ | ᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ | ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠦᠨᠦ ᠦᠺᠷᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ | ᠨᠢ ᠦᠺᠷᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ 130 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ 4 ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ 2 ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ 1983 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 12 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠨᠢ 12 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ 7 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 1700 ᠲᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠯ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ 1659 ᠭᠤᠳᠣᠯᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ 75% ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ | ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠯ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ | 700℃ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ | ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠰᠦᠷᠡᠮᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ᠂ 1000 ᠲᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ | ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠤᠷᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠯ | ᠲᠦᠷᠡᠯᠵᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠴᠣᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ 1200 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ | ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠪᠡ᠃ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 27 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 10 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭ᠍ᠴᠨ | ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ 5000 ᠲᠤᠨ᠋ᠨᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠷ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ᠂ ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ | ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠰᠡᠤᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠧᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠨ ︽ᠠᠪᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ︾ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠪᠰᠠᠨ | ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠵᠢᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠳ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠯᠡᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ | ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 200 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠤᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | 1. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ | ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ | ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ | ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠪᠤᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 30 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠰᠲᠷᠣᠠᠲ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠼᠧᠽᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠼᠧᠽᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ | ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ | ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 2. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ | ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ | ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠠ | ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ 7 ᠠᠴᠠ 10 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ 30 ᠠᠴᠠ 50 | ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠠᠢ | ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠮ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ | ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠢ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠬᠦ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ | ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠡᠷᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠰᠦᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | 1. ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠠᠮᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠴᠢᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠢᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ | ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠢᠡᠭᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠴᠢᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠴᠣᠪᠠ᠂ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠡᠵᠢᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ | ᠂ ᠱᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠠᠯᠴᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠭᠴᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ | 2. ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ | ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠳᠠᠷᠦ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ | ᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡ | ᠴᠣᠩᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠬᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠳᠠᠪ ᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠶᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 2/3 ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠨᠠᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ | ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ᠂ ᠲᠣᠮᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠧᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ | ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ | ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠣᠩᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | 3. ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ | ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠮᠳᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ᠳᠤ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ ︵KI︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ ︵KIO 3︶ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ | ᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠴᠢᠬᠠᠪᠠᠯ | ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ 6 ᠴᠠᠭ | ᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠩᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ 100% ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ 90% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ | ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠩᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ 6 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ | ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠩᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ 8 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ | ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ︵ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠳ︶ 100 ᠮᠢᠯᠢᠭᠷᠡᠮ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠵᠦ᠂ 3-12 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ 50 ᠮᠢᠯᠢᠭᠷᠡᠮ | ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠵᠦ᠂ 1 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ 3 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ 25 ᠮᠢᠯᠢᠭᠷᠡᠮ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ 1 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ | ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ 12.5 ᠮᠢᠯᠢᠭᠷᠡᠮ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ᠳᠤ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ | ᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠤᠨᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ᠳᠤ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠲᠤᠩᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ᠳᠤ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ | ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ᠳᠤ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠪᠣᠯ ︽ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ︾ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠤᠩᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ | ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 35 ᠮᠢᠯᠢᠭᠷᠡᠮ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ | ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 100 ᠮᠢᠯᠢᠭᠷᠡᠮ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠶᠠ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠬᠦᠢᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 3 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ | ᠢᠳᠡᠮᠡᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠤᠷᠡᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ | ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠲᠤᠩᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | 4. ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠴᠠ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ | ᠪᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ | ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠷ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠤᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ | ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠰᠢᠬ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 5. ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠬᠤ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ | ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ | ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠪᠳᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 6. ᠲᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠬᠦ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠷ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠬᠡᠤᠮᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 1 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠨᠢᠳᠤᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠶᠢᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ | ᠪᠦᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠲᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | 7. ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠬᠦ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠮᠳᠣᠯ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 8. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ | ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠭᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ | ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠭᠡᠶᠡ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 9. ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠯᠡᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ | ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ | ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠦ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ | ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠮᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ᠂ | ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠩᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠪᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | 10. ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠬᠤᠳᠬᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ | ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠶᠢᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠤ | ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠡ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ᠂ | ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ | ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠯᠵᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠲᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠮ᠂ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ︵ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ 6 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ︶ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠡ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠱᠤᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠰᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠴᠡ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠤᠷᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠪᠤᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠡ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ | ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠲᠤᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ 11. ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠴᠦᠳ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ | ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠴᠦᠳ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠰ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠴᠡ | ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠡᠮᠵᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠵᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠴᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠳᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠤᠳᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ | ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠲᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠩᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠤᠨᠢᠵᠦ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ | ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ | ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ | ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ︵3︶ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠃ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ | ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ | ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠬᠡᠴᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ | ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠨᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠷᠡᠭ | ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠳᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ᠃ 12. ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠨᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠᠢ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠮᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠠᠶᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠤ᠋ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠨᠣᠰᠴᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠰᠦᠷᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠯᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠯᠨ ᠳᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ | ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠨᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ | ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ︵ | nuclear weapon︶ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠡᠭᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 1. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ | 1905 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠨᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ ︵Albert Einstein︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠪᠴᠤᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰ ᠪᠠ | ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠮᠡ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ 1934 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺᠴᠢ ᠹᠧᠷᠮᠢ ︵Enrico Fermi︶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1938 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠸ᠋ᠨ ︵Otto Hahn︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠲᠷᠠᠰᠮᠠᠨ ︵Fritz | Strassmanm︶ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ 1939 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 8 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 2 ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠶᠢᠨᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠡ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠷᠦᠰᠹᠣᠷᠳ᠋ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠲᠠᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ | ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ 1941 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 12 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ 6 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠷᠦᠰᠹᠣᠷᠳ᠋ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1941 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 12 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 7 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ | ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠪᠤᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ᠂ 1942 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 8 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠮᠠᠨᠬᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ︾ ︵Manhattan project︶ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠮᠣᠨᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ 20 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠯᠯᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 3 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ | ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠪᠠ᠃ 1943 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠮᠧᠺᠰᠢᠺᠦ ᠵᠸᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠣᠰ ᠠᠯᠮᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺᠴᠢ ᠣᠪᠧᠨ᠋ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠮᠦ᠋ᠸ᠋ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠪᠠ᠃ 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ 3 ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ | ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠴᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠪᠳᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 7 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 6 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠮᠧᠺᠰᠢᠺᠦ ᠵᠸᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠮᠣᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ | ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 8 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 6 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠ 8 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠾᠢᠷᠤᠱᠢᠮᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠰᠠᠺᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ︾ ︵Little Boy︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ︽ᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠨ︾ ︵Fat Man︶ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ | ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ | ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠴᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠱᠠᠯᠠᠪᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠴᠦ᠂ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ 1949 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 8 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 29 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 1952 | ᠣᠨ ᠤ 10 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠤᠰᠲᠷᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠡᠭᠭᠤᠴᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 1960 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 2 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 13 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 1964 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 11 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ 16 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ 15 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | 1966 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 12 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 28 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ 70 ᠪᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠫᠠᠺᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭᠤᠰ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠣᠳᠤ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠣᠬᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠨ | ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 2. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠦᠷ | ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ᠄ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠨᠠᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ᠄ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ | ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ᠄ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ | ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠯᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠶᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 21 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ᠄ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ | ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠢᠨᠧᠷᠼᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠶᠠᠭ | ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠡᠭᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 3. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ | ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ | ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ︵ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ TNT︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠮ ︵ | TNT equivalent︶ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ᠂ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ᠂ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ᠂ ᠪᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠶᠠ | ᠲᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ | ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ︵atomic bomb︶᠂ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ︵hudrogen bomb︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ︵ | neutron bomb︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ | ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ︵chain reaction of heavy | nuclear fission︶ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ | ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ 235 U᠂ 239 Pu ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠯᠦᠷᠦᠳᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ 2~3 ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ | ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ 200Mev ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠯᠦᠷᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ 1 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ 1 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ 2 | ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠨᠠᠨ TNT ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 8 × 10 13 ᠵᠦᠯ ︵J︶ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠣᠬᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠰᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ | ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ 2H᠂ 3H ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ | ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ︵light nuclear | fusion reaction︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠭᠷᠠᠳᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ︵thermonuclear reaction︶ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠲᠤ 235 U ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ 3~4 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | | ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ | ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠯᠢᠲ᠋ᠢ | ᠨᠢ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠦᠷᠦᠳᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ | ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠬᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ | ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ | ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ︽ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠰᠢᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠲᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠰ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵3︶ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ | ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ | ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠠᠽᠤᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ | ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ 70 % ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠂ | 30% ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ | ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ | ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ | ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠯᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ | ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠨᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ | ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠯᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠲᠤ ︵nuclear electro-magnetic pulse︶᠂ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ︵infrasonic wave︶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ | ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠯᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠲᠤ᠂ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ | ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ | ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠮ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ | ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ︵instantaneous killing factor︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ | ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ︵residual nuclear radiation︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ | ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 1. ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠭᠷᠠᠳᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ | ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠳᠦᠷᠡᠯᠵᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠴᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ︵fireball︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠠᠰᠤᠮᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ︵light radiation︶ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ︵thermal radiation︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠡᠯᠵᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠴᠤᠭᠠᠳ | ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ 2000℃ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ | ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠣᠴᠣᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 1% ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ | ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠢᠯᠠᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ︵flash blindness︶᠃ ᠨᠣᠴᠣᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ | ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠣᠴᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ | ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠶᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ | ᠳᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠶᠢ | ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠡ ᠬᠡᠤᠮᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠣᠴᠤᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ | ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 2. ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠩ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ | ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨ | ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ | ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠭ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠭ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ | ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ︵blast wave︶ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠯᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ | ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠵᠠᠮᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠨᠦᠰᠡᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠯ ︵blast injury︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠮ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠴᠣᠯᠤ ᠮᠣᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ᠂ | ᠢᠵᠠᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠮᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠰᠦᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ | ᠳᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠢ | ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠴᠣᠯᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠯ ᠲᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | 3. ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ | ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ︵initial nuclear radiation︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ | ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ︵penetrating radiation︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠽᠤᠲ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠣᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠣᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ | ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠠᠽᠤᠲ ᠣᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ | ᠠᠬᠠᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠳᠬᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ γ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠣᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠪᠲᠤᠯᠤᠨ | ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ | ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 4. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ︵radiation contaminated︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠯᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠨᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ | ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠤᠤᠪᠠᠩᠯᠢᠬ ᠵᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠤᠭ ︵radioactive︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ β᠂ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ | ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ᠂ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠪᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ | ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ 1 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ 10 7B · 8 -1 ~10 | 10 Bq · g -1 ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ 1~5000 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ 6 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ 1/10 ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ >1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠭᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ β ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ | ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ | ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ | ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | 1. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠣᠡᠭᠭᠤᠴᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠰᠣᠮᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠰᠭᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ | ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ | ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ᠂ | ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 2. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ | ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠡᠪ ︵ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ︶᠂ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ︵ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ︶ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠂ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠢᠩ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ | ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠡᠯᠢᠩ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 3. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠲᠠ | ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ | ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ | ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠲᠤ ᠣᠨᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ | ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠤᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ︵ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠭᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠫᠤᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠠᠶᠤᠩᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ | ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ︶ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠨ | ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ | 4. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠨ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠯᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | 1980 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ 50 ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 1958 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 2 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ B- 47 ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ | ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠬᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 1700 ᠭᠠᠯᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠬᠤᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ 8000 ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ | ᠪᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ | ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ B- 47 ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠮᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠭ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ 16 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠳᠦᠷᠡᠯᠵᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠴᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠣᠴᠤᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ | ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ | ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠮᠰᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰᠡ ᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ | ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠣᠷᠤ ᠮᠦᠷ ᠴᠤ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ | ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠯ ᠢ | ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ 20 ᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠰᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ | ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ | ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠨᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ | ᠬᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ 2000 ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠯᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠣᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ | ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠪᠤᠡᠭ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ | ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠵᠠᠪᠳᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ | ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠰᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠯᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ | ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ | ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ | ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | 1. ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠩᠭᠦᠢ ᠤᠳᠬᠠᠲᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ | ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠩᠭᠦᠢ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠪᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠷᠰᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠᠳᠬᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠰᠦᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠬᠠᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠦᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ︔ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠣᠮᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ | ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠦᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ︵3︶ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠵᠦ | ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ︔ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ | ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ︔ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ︔ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ︔ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ︔ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠴᠦ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ | ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ︔ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ | ᠪᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ︔ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | 2. ᠢᠪᠴᠤᠤ ᠤᠳᠬᠠᠲᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠠᠪᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ | ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︵1︶ ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠮ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠮ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ | ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠠᠪᠤᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ | ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠄ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠡᠭᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ᠂ | ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠮ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ | ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠴᠤᠵᠦ | ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ︔ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠮᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ | ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ︔ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠪᠴᠠ ᠪᠠ | ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ | ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠯ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ | ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ | ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠤᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠮ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠄ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠳᠦᠰᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ | ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ | ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠨᠭ᠍ᠬᠤᠯ᠂ ᠭᠤᠤ ᠰᠤᠪᠠᠭ᠂ ᠨᠦᠬᠡ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ | ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠷᠢᠯ᠂ ᠢᠭᠴᠤ ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠣᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠨ᠂ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠤᠩᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ | ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ | ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠩᠭᠦᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠤᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ 20 | ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠬᠢᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠣᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠷᠢᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠣᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠨᠭ᠍ᠬᠤᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ | ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ | ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ | ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠬᠦ᠄ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠦᠬᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠳᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ | ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠬᠡᠤᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ 20 ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠬᠡᠲᠤᠷᠡᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠬᠤ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ | ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠡ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠳᠠᠮ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠬᠦ᠄ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠣᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠬᠡᠤᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠰᠡᠤᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠣᠩᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠬ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠣᠷᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠬᠦ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠄ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ | ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠬᠦ᠂ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ ᠳᠦᠯᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠨᠣᠴᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠮᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠂ | ᠬᠦᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠂ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠮᠡ᠂ ᠳᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠴᠣᠪᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠠᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠨᠴᠤᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠤᠨᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠴᠢᠬᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠮᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ | ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠂ | ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠴᠢᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠬᠠᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠪᠴᠢ᠂ ᠣᠶᠢᠮᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠢᠰᠡᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠠ | ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ ᠳᠦᠯᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠣᠨᠣᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠄ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠣᠨᠣᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠩᠺ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠣᠡᠭᠭᠤᠴᠠ᠂ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠨᠢᠮᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠩᠺ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠣᠨᠣᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠩᠺ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ | ᠂ ᠲᠠᠩᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠣᠡᠭᠭᠤᠴᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠣᠨᠣᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ | ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ᠂ | ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ | ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ | ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠬᠡᠨ | ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠨᠤᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠷᠭᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠮᠠ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ | ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠡᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠰᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠠᠩᠺ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ | ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ | ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ | ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠪᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠲᠦᠲᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠤᠩᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ᠂ | ᠠᠮᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠪᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠤᠩᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠷᠲᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠡᠰᠨ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ | ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠮᠨ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠵᠦ | ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠮᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠴᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ | ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠢ | ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ 24 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ 4 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ᠵᠢᠭ᠍ᠰᠡᠨ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ 100mg ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠵᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠲᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠫᠷᠦ᠋ᠱ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ 90 Sr | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ 137 Cs ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠠᠯᠼ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | | ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠ | ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠵᠣᠯᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ | ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠤᠮᠳᠤᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ | ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | 1. ︽ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ︾ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠬᠦ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ︵RDD︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠪᠤᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠤᠯ | ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ | ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠰ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠣᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠮ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ | ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠨᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ 1996 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ | 1500 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠬᠢᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ᠃ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 70 ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ | ᠨᠡᠩ ᠴᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠮ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ | ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ︽ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠳᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢ︾ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠭ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ | ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 241 Am᠂ 60 Co᠂ 137 Cs ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ 192I r ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ | ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 99% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ | ᠦᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠵᠠᠷ | ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ | ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ | ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ 1995 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠨᠢ 137Cs ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠯᠣᠩᠬᠤᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠣᠰᠺᠧᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠭ ᠨᠣᠪᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ | ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | 2. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ | ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠷᠪᠢᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ | ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠨᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠲᠠ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ | ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ | ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠮ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠦ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ | ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ | ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ | ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ | ᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ︽9.11︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠬ ᠬᠤᠤᠪᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ | ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ | ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ︵ | ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ︶ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ᠂ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ | ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠰᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ | ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ | ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠲᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ︽9.11︾ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠱᠤᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ | ᠲᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | 3. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ | ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 8 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠫᠯᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ 25 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠴᠤᠯ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ | ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ | ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠶᠢᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ 3 ᠳᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ | ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ | ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ | ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ | ᠶᠣᠮ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ | ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ IAEA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ | ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ 175 ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 1996 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠴᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ 2.7 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠴᠤᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1999 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠺᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠭᠰᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠫᠯᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠢ 6 ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ 0.4 ᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠪᠠ 6 ᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ | ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ | ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ | ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ | ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠵᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ | ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ | ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 1. ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ | ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ︽ᠳᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ 60° ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ D ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ | ᠃ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠨ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ 5 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠲᠤ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ D/2 ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ᠃ | 2. ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ | ᠳᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠦᠨᠴᠦᠭᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠳᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ︾ | ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠦᠨᠴᠦᠭᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ a 1= 0.034L᠂ | ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ a2=0.700a1 ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ L ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ᠃ | 3. ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠣᠷᠪᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠴᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠡᠪᠡ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠪᠠ | ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠣᠷᠪᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ 15 ᠮᠢᠯᠢᠮᠧᠲᠷ ︵mm︶ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ᠃ | 4. ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ | ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | |